What if a Nuclear Bomb Hit Rome?
Italy · Population 2,761,000 · Density 2,300/km²
About Rome
The capital of Italy and historic seat of the Roman Catholic Church.
Below are four scenario calculations using historical and modern nuclear weapons. Each row shows the radius of an effect zone in kilometers and a rough order-of-magnitude estimate of people inside that zone, derived from the city's urban population density. Numbers are educational approximations — see the methodology page for the underlying formulas.
Little Boy on Rome (15 kt)
USA · 1945 · Hiroshima bomb
| Effect zone | Radius | Est. affected |
|---|---|---|
| Fireball (vaporization, 100% fatal) | 0.43 km | ~1,326 |
| Severe blast (20 PSI, ~98% fatal) | 1.18 km | ~8,501 |
| Moderate blast (5 PSI, ~50% fatal) | 2.52 km | ~17,881 |
| Light blast (1 PSI, glass injuries) | 7.16 km | ~16,237 |
| 3rd-degree thermal burns | 2.03 km | — |
W76 on Rome (100 kt)
USA · 1978 · Common SLBM warhead
| Effect zone | Radius | Est. affected |
|---|---|---|
| Fireball (vaporization, 100% fatal) | 0.91 km | ~6,048 |
| Severe blast (20 PSI, ~98% fatal) | 2.20 km | ~28,323 |
| Moderate blast (5 PSI, ~50% fatal) | 4.71 km | ~62,544 |
| Light blast (1 PSI, glass injuries) | 13.39 km | ~56,793 |
| 3rd-degree thermal burns | 4.43 km | — |
Castle Bravo on Rome (15 Mt)
USA · 1954 · Most powerful US nuclear test
| Effect zone | Radius | Est. affected |
|---|---|---|
| Fireball (vaporization, 100% fatal) | 6.79 km | ~333,033 |
| Severe blast (20 PSI, ~98% fatal) | 11.51 km | ~605,432 |
| Moderate blast (5 PSI, ~50% fatal) | 24.60 km | ~1,707,655 |
| Light blast (1 PSI, glass injuries) | 69.98 km | ~1,550,661 |
| 3rd-degree thermal burns | 34.54 km | — |
Tsar Bomba on Rome (50 Mt)
USSR · 1961 · Largest nuclear weapon ever tested
| Effect zone | Radius | Est. affected |
|---|---|---|
| Fireball (vaporization, 100% fatal) | 10.99 km | ~872,549 |
| Severe blast (20 PSI, ~98% fatal) | 17.13 km | ~1,204,841 |
| Moderate blast (5 PSI, ~50% fatal) | 36.60 km | ~3,780,074 |
| Light blast (1 PSI, glass injuries) | 104.12 km | ~3,432,548 |
| 3rd-degree thermal burns | 56.58 km | — |
Limitations
These estimates assume an idealized air burst over the city center, uniform population density, and no advance warning or sheltering. Real-world casualties would depend on:
- Time of day (population is concentrated downtown during business hours)
- Sheltering and basements (subway systems can reduce casualties significantly)
- Building construction (reinforced steel/concrete vs. wood-frame)
- Weather and atmospheric conditions
- Detonation altitude (air burst vs. surface burst)
- Subsequent fallout and infrastructure collapse
Other City Scenarios
FAQ
What would happen if a nuclear bomb hit Rome?
Rome has approximately 2,761,000 people and an urban density around 2,300 per km². A Hiroshima-yield warhead (15 kt Little Boy) detonated over Rome would produce a moderate blast radius of about 2.5 km, with an estimated 9,827 immediate fatalities in the severe-blast zone. A modern strategic warhead (W76, 100 kt) would extend the moderate-damage zone to roughly 4.7 km with thermal burns reaching 4.4 km. Run the interactive simulator above to see the exact zones overlaid on the map.
How many people would die in Rome from a nuclear strike?
A 100 kt W76 strategic warhead air-burst over Rome could cause an estimated 96,915 immediate fatalities and around 56,793 additional injured. For comparison, a 50 Mt Tsar Bomba — the largest weapon ever tested — would put roughly 78,330,906 people inside the 1 PSI light-blast zone alone. Real casualties depend strongly on time of day, sheltering, weather, and altitude of detonation.
What is the blast radius of a nuclear bomb over Rome?
For a 100 kt strategic warhead over Rome: fireball radius 0.91 km, severe blast (20 PSI) 2.20 km, moderate blast (5 PSI) 4.71 km, light blast (1 PSI) 13.39 km, third-degree thermal burns 4.43 km. Larger yields scale these radii roughly as the cube root of yield for blast and the 0.41 power for thermal effects.
Is Rome a likely nuclear target?
This is an educational simulator and does not assess threat probability. Rome is one of the world's most prominent cities in Europe, which is why we feature it as a scenario. The purpose of these visualizations is to convey the humanitarian scale of nuclear weapons — not to make any operational claim.