Fat Man on Seoul

21 kt fission weapon · South Korea · Population 9,776,000 · Density 16,000/km²

About this scenario

This page calculates what would happen if the Fat Man (USA, 1945) detonated over Seoul (South Korea). Nagasaki bomb.

The capital of South Korea and one of the most densely populated megacities in the world. With an urban-core density of about 16,000 people per km², even a relatively small detonation over the city center would affect a large population.

The Fat Man delivers 21 kt of explosive yield — comparable in yield to the Hiroshima bomb. The tables below show calculated effect radii for an air burst (optimized for blast spread) and a surface burst (which produces massive fallout).

Air-burst effects (Fat Man over Seoul)

Effect zoneRadiusEst. affected
Fireball (vaporization, 100% fatal)0.49 km~12,072
Severe blast (20 PSI, ~98% fatal)1.32 km~73,288
Moderate blast (5 PSI, ~50% fatal)2.81 km~155,323
Light blast (1 PSI, glass injuries)8.00 km~141,044
3rd-degree thermal burns2.33 km
2nd-degree thermal burns4.18 km

Estimated total fatalities: ~240,683 · Estimated total affected (inside 1 PSI light-blast radius): ~3,218,621.

Surface-burst effects (with fallout)

A surface burst trades blast spread for radioactive fallout — much smaller blast radii but a large lethal fallout plume drifting downwind. This is what would happen if the Fat Man struck ground level rather than detonating optimally above Seoul.

Effect zoneRadius (surface burst)
Fireball0.39 km
Severe blast (20 PSI)0.72 km
Moderate blast (5 PSI)1.55 km
Light blast (1 PSI)4.40 km
3rd-degree thermal burns1.40 km
Lethal fallout zone~40.6 km

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See the actual blast zones overlaid on a map of Seoul with population-density-based casualty estimates updated in real time as you move the detonation point.

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Fat Man on other cities

Other weapons on Seoul

FAQ

What would happen if the Fat Man detonated over Seoul?

In an air burst over Seoul, the Fat Man (21 kt) would produce a fireball about 0.49 km in radius. The 5 PSI moderate-blast zone — where most residential buildings collapse — would extend to 2.81 km. Light blast damage and shattered windows would reach 8.00 km. Given Seoul's urban density (~16,000/km²), this scenario yields an estimated 240,683 immediate fatalities and about 141,044 additional injured.

How many people would die in Seoul from a Fat Man strike?

An air burst of the Fat Man over Seoul could cause an estimated 240,683 immediate fatalities and 141,044 additional injuries. The fireball alone (radius 0.49 km) would kill approximately 12,072 people; the severe-blast zone (20 PSI, radius 1.32 km) would add 73,288; the moderate-blast zone (5 PSI, radius 2.81 km) would add 155,323 more. Real numbers depend heavily on time of day, sheltering, weather, and altitude of detonation.

What is the blast radius of the Fat Man on Seoul?

For an air burst over Seoul: fireball 0.49 km, severe blast (20 PSI) 1.32 km, moderate blast (5 PSI) 2.81 km, light blast (1 PSI) 8.00 km. Thermal radiation causes 3rd-degree burns out to 2.33 km. A surface burst would shrink the blast radii by roughly 40 percent but generate massive radioactive fallout extending ~41 km from ground zero.

Is the Fat Man bigger than the bomb that hit Hiroshima?

The Hiroshima bomb (Little Boy) had a yield of about 15 kilotons. The Fat Man at 21 kt is comparable in yield to the Hiroshima bomb.

Casualty math uses Seoul's urban-core density and the scaling laws on the methodology page. See Fat Man weapon details, the Seoul scenario overview, or browse all scenarios.